Blood Glucose Testing and Diabetes Management
The global market for glucose testing products is undergoing a significant transition driven by the advent of new analytical technologies and developments in diabetes treatment. Although the glucose testing segment of the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) industry is mature, certain segments of the market such as home testing devices for diabetes management will exhibit strong growth, with some-such as non-invasive testing-representing major new areas of application for IVD testing. Direct access testing, or over-the-counter, which allows consumers to order tests themselves without visiting a doctor, has emerged as a strong force in the glucose-testing segment. Moreover, an increasing range of test devices is now available to consumers for use in self-testing. The purpose of this TriMark Publications report is to describe the specific market segments for blood glucose testing and diabetes management. This study reviews all of the generally-accepted clinical analytical methods that are currently in use today for measuring serum or plasma or whole-blood glucose concentrations. Moreover, it examines clinical measurement devices, reagents and supplies as utilized in hospitals, clinics, doctors' offices and at-home care locations.
Table of Contents
- 1.Overview8
- 1.1Statement of Report8
- 1.2About this Report8
- 1.3Scope of the Report9
- 1.4Methodology10
- 1.5Executive Summary10
- 2.Diabetes13
- 2.1Demographics of Diabetes15
- 2.1.1Worldwide Diabetes Incidence15
- 2.1.2U.S. Diabetes16
- 2.2Economics of Diabetes26
- 2.3Understanding the Metabolic Conditions Underlying and Associated with Diabetes31
- 2.3.1Pre-Diabetes Syndrome32
- 2.3.2Metabolic Syndrome32
- 2.3.3Diabetes and Inflammation33
- 2.3.4Progression of Diabetes34
- 2.3.5Complications and Co-Morbidities in Type 2 Diabetes34
- 2.3.6Hypoglycemia and Treatment36
- 2.3.7Risk Factors and Diabetes36
- 2.3.8Cardiovascular Disease Facts38
- 2.4Glucose Control in Diabetic Patients47
- 2.5Tight Glucose Control in Treating Diabetes48
- 2.6Glucose Monitoring Devices49
- 2.6.1Key Issues were Identified for Glucose Monitoring49
- 2.6.2Device Description49
- 2.6.3Precision51
- 2.6.4Limitations of Existing Glucose Monitoring Products52
- 2.1Demographics of Diabetes15
- 3.Glucose Measurements54
- 3.1Glucose Monitoring Markets54
- 3.1.1Overview of Market Segments54
- 3.1.1.1Over-the-Counter (OTC) Self-Testing Glucose Market56
- 3.1.1.2Point of Care Glucose Testing Market57
- 3.1.1.3Physician Office Laboratories (POL) Glucose Testing Market58
- 3.1.1.4Clinical Laboratory Glucose Testing Market59
- 3.1.2Market Analysis: Size, Growth, Share and Competitors60
- 3.1.2.1Worldwide Market60
- 3.1.2.2U.S. Market62
- 3.1.2.3European Market66
- 3.1.2.4Asian Market67
- 3.1.2.4.1Japanese Market69
- 3.1.2.4.2China Market69
- 3.1.2.4.3India Market72
- 3.1.2.5ROW Markets75
- 3.1.1Overview of Market Segments54
- 3.2Glucose Analytical Test Methods75
- 3.2.1Glucose Oxidase75
- 3.2.2Glucose Hexakinase76
- 3.2.3Glucose Dehydrogenase Pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ)76
- 3.2.4Amperometric Biosensors77
- 3.2.5Interfering Substances77
- 3.2.6Monitoring HbA1c Levels78
- 3.2.7Quality Control Criteria78
- 3.3Reagents and Equipment79
- 3.3.1Lancets80
- 3.3.2Blood Glucose Test Kit86
- 3.3.3Blood Glucose Monitor and Insulin Doser87
- 3.3.4Diabetes Tracking System87
- 3.3.5Blood Glucose Sensors87
- 3.3.6Blood Glucose Reagent Test Strips89
- 3.3.7Control Solutions and Calibrators89
- 3.3.8Sharps Devices90
- 3.3.9Needle Destruction Devices90
- 3.3.10Urine Strips91
- 3.3.11Blood Ketone Testing92
- 3.3.12Voice Operated Glucose Meters92
- 3.4Glucose Meters95
- 3.4.1LifeScan (a Johnson & Johnson Company)95
- 3.4.2Roche Accu-Chek98
- 3.4.3Bayer100
- 3.4.4Medisense (Abbott)103
- 3.4.5Acon Laboratories105
- 3.4.6HemoCue105
- 3.4.7Agamatrix, Inc.106
- 3.4.8Aimedics, Pty Ltd.106
- 3.4.9Apex Biotechnology Corp.107
- 3.4.1077 Elektronika Kft.107
- 3.4.11Arkray, Inc.107
- 3.4.12Becton Dickinson & Co.108
- 3.4.13Accurex (India)108
- 3.4.14Biosens108
- 3.4.15Axis-Shield108
- 3.3.16Home Diagnostics, Inc.108
- 3.3.17Medisys/Hypoguard110
- 3.3.18Metrika111
- 3.4.19Biopeak Corp.111
- 3.4.20BioTex, Inc.111
- 3.4.21Calisto Medical, Inc.111
- 3.4.22Allmedicus112
- 3.4.23Diabetech, LP112
- 3.4.24Diagnostic Devices112
- 3.4.26Diramed LLC113
- 3.4.27Entelos113
- 3.4.28Fifty50 Pharmacy113
- 3.4.29Fluent Biomedical Corp.113
- 3.4.30Fovi Optics, Inc.113
- 3.4.31GenExel-Sein, Inc.114
- 3.4.32GlucoLight Corp.114
- 3.4.33Glucon Medical Ltd.114
- 3.4.34GluMetrics LLC115
- 3.4.35Glucoplus, Inc.115
- 3.4.36Glysens, Inc.115
- 3.4.37HMD Bio Medical115
- 3.4.38Hypoguard115
- 3.4.39Infratec, Inc.116
- 3.4.40InLight Solutions, Inc.117
- 3.4.41Insulet Corp.117
- 3.4.42Integrity Applications118
- 3.4.43Kumetrix, Inc.118
- 3.4.44Lein Applied Diagnostics Ltd.118
- 3.4.45Cholestech119
- 3.4.46LighTouch Medical, Inc.119
- 3.4.47LG Electronics119
- 3.4.48Luminous Medical, Inc.119
- 3.4.49Menarini Diagnostics120
- 3.4.50NIR Diagnostics, Inc.120
- 3.4.51Oculir, Inc.120
- 3.4.52OrSense Ltd.120
- 3.4.53Pelikan Technologies, Inc.121
- 3.4.54Polymer Technology Systems121
- 3.4.55PreciSense A/S122
- 3.4.56QuestStar Medical, Inc.122
- 3.4.57Sensys Medical122
- 3.4.58Smiths Medical MD, Inc.122
- 3.4.59TaiDoc Technology Corp.123
- 3.4.60U.S. Diagnostics123
- 3.4.61VeraLight, Inc.123
- 3.4.62Zyvex Corp.124
- 3.4.63Advanced Biosensors124
- 3.4.64Health Hero Network, Inc.124
- 3.4.65IN4 Technology Corporation124
- 3.4.66Nipro124
- 3.4.67Teco Diagnostics, Inc.124
- 3.4.68Uchain Industrial Co., Ltd.124
- 3.4.69GlucoStat System124
- 3.4.70Sanyo Junyaku125
- 3.4.71Diagnosys Medical125
- 3.5Diagnosing Diabetes Using In Vitro Laboratory Tests125
- 3.5.1New Diagnostic Guidelines125
- 3.5.2Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test125
- 3.5.3Glucose Tolerance Test126
- 3.5.4Test for Glycosylated Hemoglobin126
- 3.5.5Fructosamine127
- 3.5.6Combined Self-Testing Glucose Monitor with Insulin Delivery127
- 3.6Continuous and Non-invasive Glucose Patient Monitoring128
- 3.6.1Medtronic MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System132
- 3.6.2Cygnus GlucoWatch Biographer133
- 3.6.3Abbott FreeStyle Continuous Glucose Monitor System135
- 3.6.4DexCom, Inc. STS Continuous Glucose Monitoring System136
- 3.6.5Sontra Medical, Inc.136
- 3.6.6SpectRx136
- 3.6.7Pendragon Medical137
- 3.6.8Sensors for Medicine and Science, Inc. (SMSI)137
- 3.6.9Other Players137
- 3.6.10Strategies for Developing Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring138
- 3.7Glycosylated Hemoglobin Glucose Monitoring138
- 3.8Clinical Laboratory Instruments141
- 3.8.1Ultra-Large Throughput Chemistry Analyzers Large-Throughput Analyzers142
- 3.8.2Large-Throughput Analyzers144
- 3.8.3Mid-Size Clinical Chemistry Analyzers147
- 3.8.4Chemistry Analyzers for the Small Volume Market150
- 3.1Glucose Monitoring Markets54
- 4.Business Trends in Glucose Testing154
- 4.1Expanding Opportunities in Blood Glucose Monitoring Market154
- 4.2Home Diabetes Test Kits an Evolving Market154
- 4.3Competitive Strategies155
- 4.4Analyses of the Current Market Conditions, Competition and Product Mix156
- 4.5The New Paradigm157
- 4.6Mergers of Diagnostic Companies158
- 4.7Healthcare Cost Controls159
- 4.8Competition for Services159
- 4.9Drivers of Clinical Glucose Testing160
- 4.10Confluence of New Technology160
- 4.11Trends in Reimbursement Practices160
- 4.12Managed Care162
- 4.13Changes in Patient Management163
- 4.14Satellite Facilities163
- 4.15Point-of-Care Testing163
- 4.16Regionalization of Laboratory Care164
- 4.17Drivers of the Point of Care Testing Sector165
- 4.18Diagnostic Testing Growth Trends165
- 4.19PIPE Financing166
- 4.20Brand Loyalty166
- 4.21Insurance Coverage a Key Factor166
- 4.22Medicare Coverage166
- 4.23Products at Competitive Price Points166
- 4.24Drugstores Critical to the Diabetic Care Category167
- 4.25Drugstore Chains Increasingly Running Diabetes Care Programs167
- 4.26Co-branding Strategies167
- 5.Important Technology Trends169
- 5.1Biosensor Technology169
- 5.2Data Management171
- 5.2.1Information Management Advances171
- 5.2.2Patient Care Information System Strategy173
- 5.2.3Connectivity Platforms174
- 5.2.3.1DataLink Data Management System175
- 5.2.3.2RALS-Plus176
- 5.2.3.3LabPortal.com178
- 5.2.3.4LifeScan Electronic Data Interfaces178
- 5.2.3.5Computer Software for Home Glucose Meters179
- 5.2.3.6Health Buddy Systems Monitoring Technologies179
- 5.2.3.7Medtronics Minimed Paradigm Glucose Meter179
- 5.2.4POL Laboratory Data Management180
- 5.2.4.1Electronic Medical Record Systems and Physician Office Laboratory Data Linking Software180
- 5.2.4.2Physician Office Laboratory Data Linking Software and Interface to the Laboratory Information System181
- 5.2.5Technical Problems of Connectivity181
- 5.2.6Web-based Data Interface181
- 5.2.7HIT Competition182
- 5.2.8FDA Required Software Verification182
- 5.3Advantages of Connectivity183
- 5.4Home Care Analysis183
- 5.5Technology Platform Innovations in Glucose Testing183
- 5.6Move Away from Central Laboratory184
- 5.7Trends in Detection and Diagnosis184
- 5.7.1Minimally Invasive Devices184
- 5.7.2Non-Invasive Devices Future Developments and Market Strategy186
- 5.7.3Continuous Test Systems and the Future of Integrated Glucose/Insulin Delivery187
- 6.Competitive Analysis of the Glucose Testing Markets190
- 6.1The Market Players190
- 6.2Device Categories193
- 6.3Range of Products194
- 6.3.1Cost of Testing194
- 6.3.2Sample Size Required194
- 6.3.3Sampling Other Areas195
- 6.3.4Time Until Patient Obtains Results195
- 6.3.5Enclosed Test Strips195
- 6.3.6Test Strip Calibration195
- 6.3.7Built-in Lancing Device195
- 6.4Data Handling195
- 6.5New Developments196
- 6.6Marketing New Features196
- 6.7Test Strip Sales196
- 6.8Reimbursement196
- 6.9Strip Manufacturers' Responses196
- 6.10Retailers' Responses197
- 6.11Market Demand and Composition197
- 6.12Product Mix199
- 6.12.1LifeScan199
- 6.12.2Roche Diagnostics202
- 6.12.3Bayer Diagnostics203
- 6.12.4Becton Dickinson204
- 6.12.5Abbott (MediSense)205
- 6.12.6Other Players206
- 6.12.6.1HemoCue AB208
- 6.12.6.2Home Diagnostics, Inc.208
- 6.12.6.3Medisys Group PLC208
- 6.12.6.4Polymer Technology Systems, Inc.209
- 6.12.6.5QuestStar Medical, Inc.209
- 6.13Devices that Measure Glycohemoglobin209
- 6.14Adjacent Markets209
- 6.15Market Drivers and Restraints210
- 6.16Market and Product Trends210
- 6.17Increased Market Penetration210
- 6.18Costs of Doing Business in Europe211
- 6.19Drivers of European Diagnostics Testing211
- 6.20European Reimbursement Practices212
- 6.21Cost Containment in Europe212
- 6.22Market Overview of Glucose Monitoring212
- 6.22.1U.S. Market Segment212
- 6.22.2European Market214
- 6.22.3Japanese Market214
- 6.23Competitive Strategies215
- 6.24Price Competition217
- 6.25Analyses of the Current Market Conditions, Competition and Product Mix217
- 6.25.1First-Generation Monitors217
- 6.25.2Second-Generation Monitors218
- 6.25.3Third-Generation SMBG Technologies219
- 6.26Product Overview219
- 6.26.1LifeScan220
- 6.27Design of Glucose Testing Devices221
- 6.28Insulin Delivery Devices223
- 6.29Key Glucose Testing Sector Developments227
- 6.30Important M&A Activity227
- 6.30.1Cygnus, Inc. Divests its Glucose-Monitoring Assets to Animas Corporation227
- 6.30.2Bayer Diagnostics Business Splits into Two Units227
- 6.30.3Abbott Laboratories Acquires TheraSense, Inc.228
- 6.30.4Roche Acquires Infusion Systems Division of Disetronic228
- 6.30.5J&J Acquires Animas Corporation228
- 6.30.6Medical Devices Pelikan Technologies, Inc.228
- 6.30.7Medical Services Amerifit Nutrition, Inc.228
- 6.30.8Owens & Minor, Inc.228
- 6.30.9Medisys Sells Business to Arkray228
- 6.30.10Cholestech Signs Agreement with Provalis229
- 6.30.11Bayer Acquires Metrika229
- 6.30.12Other Deals229
- 6.31Product Launches230
- 7.Government Regulation of Medical Devices232
- 7.1U.S. Regulations232
- 7.1.1Importing Medical Devices into the U.S.234
- 7.1.2Exporting Medical Devices from the U.S.234
- 7.2U.K. Regulations235
- 7.3E.U. Regulations236
- 7.4French Regulations239
- 7.5Japanese Regulations239
- 7.6Korean Regulations240
- 7.7FDA Regulations and Recalls240
- 7.8Legal Liability for Glucose Meters241
- 7.9ISO 9000 Quality System241
- 7.10Recent Regulatory Approvals241
- 7.11FDA Labeling Requirements241
- 7.1U.S. Regulations232
- 8.Corporate Profiles243
- 8.1Abbott Diagnostics243
- 8.2Abbott Laboratories244
- 8.3Acon Laboratories247
- 8.4Agamatrix248
- 8.5AiMedics Pty Ltd.248
- 8.6Animas Corp.248
- 8.7Apex Biotechnology Corporation248
- 8.8Bayer Corporation248
- 8.9Biopeak Corporation251
- 8.10BioTex252
- 8.11Dexcom, Inc.252
- 8.12Diabetech, LP252
- 8.1377 Elektronika Kft.252
- 8.14Flexsite Diagnostics252
- 8.15Genexel-Sein, Inc.253
- 8.16GlucoLight253
- 8.17Glucon253
- 8.18GluMetrics, Inc.253
- 8.19GlySens, Inc.253
- 8.20Hemocue254
- 8.21Hypoguard254
- 8.22Infratec, Inc.255
- 8.23IN4 Technology255
- 8.24InLight Solutions255
- 8.25ITC (International Technidyne Corporation)255
- 8.26LifeScan Corporation256
- 8.27MediSense257
- 8.28Metrika257
- 8.29NIR Diagnostics257
- 8.30Nipro Medical Corporation258
- 8.31OrSense Ltd.258
- 8.32Pelikan Technologies258
- 8.33Polymer Technology Systems258
- 8.34PreciSense259
- 8.35QuestStar Medical259
- 8.36Roche Diagnostics259
- 8.37Sankyo Junyaku263
- 8.38Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.263
- 8.39Sensys Medical264
- 8.40SurgiLance264
- 8.41Smiths Medical MD, Inc.264
- 8.42SpectRx264
- 8.43Taidoc Technology265
- 8.44Teco Diagnostics265
- 8.45U.S. Diagnostics266
- 8.46VeraLight266
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